17 multiple-choice (MCQ / objective) questions from this chapter, in every exam-style shape used in the paper. Every question comes with an explanation along with the answer, so you remember why the option is correct, not just which one it is.
1 Direct Questions
Direct Questions
- 1 markAccording to the chapter, geography as a field of study is:
(A) integrative, empirical and practical(B) analytical, descriptive and normative(C) theoretical, historical and empirical(D) qualitative, quantitative and evaluative - 1 markWhich of the following is NOT one of the three geographers whose definitions of human geography are given in the chapter’s ‘Human Geography Defined’ box?
(A) Ratzel(B) Ellen C. Semple(C) Griffith Taylor(D) Paul Vidal de la Blache - 1 markNetworks of roads, railways and waterways have often been described in the chapter as:
(A) veins of development(B) arteries of circulation(C) nerves of a country(D) lifelines of the economy - 1 markThe term used in the chapter for the interaction between a primitive human society and strong forces of nature is:
(A) possibilism(B) neodeterminism(C) cultural landscape(D) environmental determinism - 1 markBenda, the chapter’s example of naturalisation, lives in the wilds of which area of central India?
(A) the Abujh Maad area(B) the Trondheim valley(C) the Chotanagpur plateau(D) the Aravalli hills - 1 markGriffith Taylor’s middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism is called neodeterminism, or:
(A) the quantitative revolution(B) areal differentiation(C) stop-and-go determinism(D) post-modernism in geography
2 Assertion-Reason
Assertion-Reason
- 1 markAssertion (A): The dichotomy between physical and human geography is a valid, permanent one.
Reason (R): Nature and human beings are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A(C) A is true but R is false(D) A is false but R is true - 1 markAssertion (A): Ratzel’s definition of human geography emphasises the keyword ‘dynamism’.
Reason (R): Ratzel’s definition calls human geography ‘the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface’.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A(C) A is true but R is false(D) A is false but R is true
3 Match the Following
Match the Following
- 1 markMatch the geographer in List I with the keyword/idea they are associated with in the chapter in List II.
List I: (i) Ratzel, (ii) Ellen C. Semple, (iii) Paul Vidal de la Blache, (iv) Griffith Taylor
List II: P. Dynamism, Q. Middle path (neodeterminism), R. Synthesis, S. New conception of earth-human relations
(A) (i)-R, (ii)-P, (iii)-S, (iv)-Q(B) (i)-P, (ii)-R, (iii)-Q, (iv)-S(C) (i)-S, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-P(D) (i)-Q, (ii)-S, (iii)-P, (iv)-R - 1 markMatch the period in List I with its approach in Table 1.1, List II.
List I: (i) Early Colonial period, (ii) Later Colonial period, (iii) 1930s through the inter-war period, (iv) Late 1950s to the late 1960s
List II: P. Areal differentiation, Q. Regional analysis, R. Spatial organisation, S. Exploration and description
(A) (i)-P, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-S(B) (i)-S, (ii)-Q, (iii)-P, (iv)-R(C) (i)-Q, (ii)-S, (iii)-R, (iv)-P(D) (i)-R, (ii)-P, (iii)-S, (iv)-Q - 1 markMatch the field of human geography in List I with its linked social-science discipline in List II (Table 1.2).
List I: (i) Social Geography, (ii) Political Geography, (iii) Population Geography, (iv) Economic Geography
List II: P. Political Science, Q. Demography, R. Sociology, S. Economics
(A) (i)-R, (ii)-P, (iii)-Q, (iv)-S(B) (i)-P, (ii)-R, (iii)-S, (iv)-Q(C) (i)-S, (ii)-Q, (iii)-P, (iv)-R(D) (i)-Q, (ii)-S, (iii)-R, (iv)-P
4 Statement-Based Questions
Statement-Based Questions
- 1 markConsider the following statements.
(i) Physical geography studies the physical environment, and human geography studies the relationship between the physical and human worlds.
(ii) The chapter treats physical geography and human geography as always entirely separate, unconnected subjects.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only (i)(B) Only (ii)(C) Both (i) and (ii)(D) Neither (i) nor (ii) - 1 markConsider the following statements.
(i) Technology indicates the level of cultural development of a society, per the chapter.
(ii) Understanding DNA and genetics enabled humans to conquer many diseases, per the chapter.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only (i)(B) Only (ii)(C) Both (i) and (ii)(D) Neither (i) nor (ii) - 1 markConsider the following statements about the three 1970s schools of thought.
(i) The radical school of thought used Marxian theory to explain poverty and social inequality.
(ii) The welfare/humanistic school of thought was concerned with people’s social well-being, such as housing, health and education.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only (i)(B) Only (ii)(C) Both (i) and (ii)(D) Neither (i) nor (ii)
5 Arrange in the Correct Order
Arrange in the Correct Order
- 1 markArrange the following approaches from Table 1.1 in chronological order.
(Areal differentiation) · (Exploration and description) · (Spatial organisation) · (Regional analysis)
(A) Exploration and description, Regional analysis, Areal differentiation, Spatial organisation(B) Regional analysis, Exploration and description, Spatial organisation, Areal differentiation(C) Areal differentiation, Regional analysis, Exploration and description, Spatial organisation(D) Spatial organisation, Areal differentiation, Regional analysis, Exploration and description
6 Odd One Out
Odd One Out
- 1 markThree of the following are elements of the physical environment listed in the chapter; one is not. Which is the odd one out?
(A) Landforms(B) Soils(C) Road-rail networks(D) Natural vegetation
7 Passage-Based Questions
Passage-Based Questions
Passage
Late 1950s to the late 1960s: Marked by the use of computers and sophisticated statistical tools. Laws of physics were often applied to map and analyse human phenomena. This phase was called the quantitative revolution. The main objective was to identify mappable patterns for different human activities.
- 1 markAccording to the passage, what was the main objective of the quantitative revolution?
(A) To identify mappable patterns for different human activities(B) To describe every region of the earth in full detail(C) To replace geography with statistics entirely(D) To end the use of computers in geography
Answer Key and Explanations
Direct Questions
- (A) The chapter’s opening line is: ‘geography as a field of study is integrative, empirical, and practical.’ This is why its reach is described as extensive.
- (C) The box gives the definitions of Ratzel (synthesis), Ellen C. Semple (dynamism) and Paul Vidal de la Blache (a new conception of the inter-relationships between earth and human beings). Griffith Taylor is the geographer who introduced neodeterminism, not one of these definitions.
- (B) The chapter says: ‘Networks of road, railways and water ways have often been described as “arteries of circulation”.’ This is one of several anatomy metaphors it lists.
- (D) The chapter states: ‘This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism.’
- (A) The box opens: ‘Benda lives in the wilds of the Abujh Maad area of central India.’
- (C) The chapter says Griffith Taylor ‘termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism.’
Assertion-Reason
- (D) The chapter’s own conclusion is the opposite of A: ‘the dichotomy between physical and human is not a very valid one because nature and human are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically.’ So A is false, and R is exactly the chapter’s true reasoning.
- (D) ‘Dynamism’ is Semple’s keyword, not Ratzel’s: the chapter says ‘Synthesis has been emphasised in the above [Ratzel’s] definition.’ So A is false. R correctly quotes Ratzel’s definition, word for word.
Match the Following
- (A) Ratzel’s keyword is synthesis (R); Semple’s is dynamism (P); Vidal de la Blache offers ‘a new conception of the interrelationships between earth and human beings’ (S); Griffith Taylor proposed neodeterminism as a middle path (Q). So (i)-R, (ii)-P, (iii)-S, (iv)-Q.
- (B) Table 1.1 pairs Early Colonial period with Exploration and description, Later Colonial period with Regional analysis, 1930s-inter-war with Areal differentiation, and late 1950s-60s with Spatial organisation.
- (A) Table 1.2 links Social Geography to Sociology, Political Geography to Political Science, Population Geography to Demography, and Economic Geography to Economics.
Statement-Based Questions
- (A) Statement (i) matches the chapter directly. Statement (ii) is wrong: the chapter’s conclusion is the opposite, that ‘the dichotomy between physical and human is not a very valid one.’
- (C) Both are quoted almost word for word from the chapter: ‘Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society’, and ‘understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.’
- (C) Both statements are correct and are taken directly from the chapter’s descriptions of the radical school and the welfare/humanistic school.
Arrange in the Correct Order
- (A) Table 1.1’s own order is Early Colonial (Exploration and description), Later Colonial (Regional analysis), 1930s-inter-war (Areal differentiation), late 1950s-60s (Spatial organisation).
Odd One Out
- (C) Landforms, soils and natural vegetation are all physical-environment elements the chapter lists (from the Class 11 book). Road-rail networks are a human/cultural element people have created, not a physical-environment element.
Passage-Based Questions
- (A) The passage’s last sentence is: ‘The main objective was to identify mappable patterns for different human activities.’
More for this chapter