20 multiple-choice (MCQ / objective) questions from this chapter, in every exam-style shape used in the paper. Every question comes with an explanation along with the answer, so you remember why the option is correct, not just which one it is.
1 Direct Questions
Direct Questions
- 1 markHow does the chapter define manufacturing?
(A) The process of transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets(B) The exchange of goods between producers and consumers(C) Only the production of goods using traditional handicraft methods(D) The transportation of raw materials from farms and mines to factories - 1 markAs the chapter defines it, what is an ‘industry’?
(A) Any place where raw materials are grown(B) A market where manufactured goods are sold to consumers(C) A geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system(D) A government department that regulates factories - 1 markWhich source of energy does the chapter name as historically the main source of power for industry, before hydroelectricity and petroleum became important?
(A) Solar power(B) Wind power(C) Natural gas(D) Coal - 1 markAs the chapter describes them, basic industries are industries whose products:
(A) Are consumed directly by the final consumer(B) Come only from agro-based raw material(C) Are used as raw material to make other goods, by other industries(D) Are always produced in cottage or household units - 1 markHigh technology, or high-tech, is best understood, in the chapter’s own words, as:
(A) The application of intensive research and development leading to products of an advanced scientific and engineering character(B) The oldest and most traditional form of manufacturing activity(C) Manufacturing that depends entirely on unskilled manual labour(D) A form of manufacturing found only in household industries
2 Assertion-Reason
Assertion-Reason
- 1 markAssertion (A): Household industries are the smallest manufacturing unit.
Reason (R): The finished products of household industries may be used in the same household, sold in local (village) markets, or exchanged by barter.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A(C) A is true, but R is false(D) A is false, but R is true - 1 markAssertion (A): Foot-loose industries are heavily dependent on a specific bulky raw material for their location.
Reason (R): Foot-loose industries depend on component parts which can be obtained from anywhere, and their key locational factor is accessibility by road network.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A(C) A is true, but R is false(D) A is false, but R is true - 1 markAssertion (A): The Silicon Valley near San Francisco is an example of a technopolis.
Reason (R): High-technology industries employ professional white-collar workers who greatly outnumber blue-collar production workers.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A(C) A is true, but R is false(D) A is false, but R is true
3 Match the Following
Match the Following
- 1 markMatch List I (industry) with List II (its raw-material basis) and select the correct combination:
List I: 1) Iron and steel industry 2) Aluminium industry 3) Cement industry 4) Petrochemical industry
List II: (a) Mineral-oil / chemical based (b) Non-metallic mineral based (c) Ferrous metallic mineral based (d) Non-ferrous metallic mineral based
(A) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c(B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a(C) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d(D) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a - 1 markMatch List I (the industry shown) with List II (the place named in the chapter’s own figure caption) and select the correct combination:
List I: 1) Household potter making pots in his courtyard 2) Bamboo basket weaving by the roadside 3) Passenger car assembly plant 4) Pulp mill in a timber area
List II: (a) Japan (b) Alaska (Ketchikan) (c) Nagaland (d) Arunachal Pradesh
(A) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b(B) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a(C) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d(D) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
4 Statement-Based Questions
Statement-Based Questions
- 1 markConsider the following statements:
(i) Industries are located at points where the production costs are minimum.
(ii) Industries are located only where labour is cheapest, regardless of any other factor.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only (i)(B) Only (ii)(C) Both (i) and (ii)(D) Neither (i) nor (ii) - 1 markConsider the following statements about high-technology industry:
(i) High-tech industry is the oldest and most traditional generation of manufacturing activity.
(ii) In high-tech industry, blue-collar production workers greatly outnumber white-collar professional workers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only (i)(B) Only (ii)(C) Both (i) and (ii)(D) Neither (i) nor (ii)
5 Arrange in the Correct Order
Arrange in the Correct Order
- 1 markArrange the following into the chapter’s own value-addition chain, from raw material to final consumer good:
(i) Machines for the textile industry (ii) Clothes for consumers (iii) Iron and steel
(A) Clothes for consumers → Iron and steel → Machines for the textile industry(B) Iron and steel → Machines for the textile industry → Clothes for consumers(C) Machines for the textile industry → Clothes for consumers → Iron and steel(D) Iron and steel → Clothes for consumers → Machines for the textile industry - 1 markArrange the following types of manufacturing by scale, from the smallest unit to the largest:
(i) Large-scale manufacturing (ii) Household/cottage industries (iii) Small-scale manufacturing
(A) Small-scale manufacturing → Large-scale manufacturing → Household/cottage industries(B) Large-scale manufacturing → Household/cottage industries → Small-scale manufacturing(C) Household/cottage industries → Small-scale manufacturing → Large-scale manufacturing(D) Household/cottage industries → Large-scale manufacturing → Small-scale manufacturing
6 Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the Blanks
- 1 markMajor concentrations of modern manufacturing, as the chapter states, cover less than ______ of the world’s land area.
(A) 10%(B) 25%(C) 50%(D) 75% - 1 markSmall-scale manufacturing differs from household industries mainly in its production technique and its place of manufacture, namely a ______ outside the home or cottage of the producer.
(A) factory(B) warehouse(C) laboratory(D) workshop
7 Odd One Out
Odd One Out
- 1 markWhich one of the following is NOT one of the seven locational factors for industries named in the chapter?
(A) Access to market(B) Access to raw material(C) Access to entertainment facilities(D) Access to sources of energy
8 Passage-Based Questions
Passage-Based Questions
Passage
Industries try to keep their production costs as low as possible in order to maximise profits, so they tend to locate at the point where costs are lowest. Market for the finished goods is one of the most important locational factors: a market exists where people have both a demand for the goods and the purchasing power to buy them. Remote areas with very few people offer only small markets, while the developed regions of Europe, North America, Japan and Australia offer large global markets because purchasing power there is very high. The densely populated regions of South and South-east Asia also provide large markets.
- 1 markRead the passage above. According to it, why do the developed regions of Europe, North America, Japan and Australia provide large global markets?
(A) Because they are densely populated(B) Because the purchasing power of the people there is very high(C) Because they are remote areas inhabited by few people(D) Because raw materials there are cheap
Passage
High technology, or high-tech, is the newest generation of manufacturing, built on intensive research and development that leads to advanced scientific and engineering products. In this kind of industry, highly trained professional workers make up a large share of the workforce and greatly outnumber the ordinary production workers on the factory floor. Rather than massive assembly buildings, the high-tech landscape is made up of neatly spaced, low, modern, spread-out office-plant-laboratory buildings, often grouped into planned business parks. Where such high-tech industries become regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised, the area is called a technopolis; the Silicon Valley near San Francisco and the Silicon Forest near Seattle are named as examples.
- 1 markRead the passage above. According to it, which kind of worker forms a large share of the workforce in a high-tech industry?
(A) Skilled blue-collar production workers(B) Unskilled seasonal labour(C) Professional white-collar workers(D) Only company executives
9 True / False
True / False
- 1 markConsider the following statements:
(i) Foot-loose industries generally employ a very large labour force.
(ii) Foot-loose industries are generally polluting industries.
(A) Both are true(B) Both are false(C) Only (i) is true(D) Only (ii) is true
Answer Key and Explanations
Direct Questions
- (A) The chapter’s box on ‘Manufacturing’ says it “is essentially a process which involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets”.
- (C) The chapter’s own box defines an industry as a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system.
- (D) The chapter states that earlier coal was the main source of energy, and today hydroelectricity and petroleum are also important sources of energy for many industries.
- (C) The chapter states that the industry whose products are used to make other goods by using them as raw materials are basic industries.
- (A) The chapter states high-tech is best understood as the application of intensive research and development efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
Assertion-Reason
- (B) Both are true statements from the book: household or cottage industry is the smallest manufacturing unit, and its products may be consumed at home, sold in local markets or bartered. But where the products go does not explain why the unit is the smallest; its size comes from artisans working at home with local raw materials, simple tools and family or part-time labour.
- (D) The chapter states foot-loose industries are NOT dependent on any specific raw material, weight losing or otherwise, so A is false; R correctly restates the chapter’s own description of foot-loose industries.
- (B) Both statements are true on their own, but R is a general fact about high-tech industry’s workforce, not the reason the chapter gives for why Silicon Valley itself is called a technopolis (regional concentration, self-sufficiency and specialisation).
Match the Following
- (D) Iron and steel uses ferrous metallic minerals (1-c); aluminium uses non-ferrous metallic minerals (2-d); cement uses non-metallic minerals (3-b); petrochemicals use mineral-oil (4-a): exactly as the chapter classifies them.
- (A) The chapter’s own figure captions name Nagaland for the courtyard potter (1-c), Arunachal Pradesh for the roadside bamboo basket weaver (2-d), Japan for the car assembly plant (3-a) and Alaska’s Ketchikan timber area for the pulp mill (4-b).
Statement-Based Questions
- (A) Statement (i) matches the chapter directly: industries should be located at points where production costs are minimum. Statement (ii) is false because it uses ‘only’: the chapter names several factors together (market, raw material, labour, energy, transport, government policy, agglomeration), not labour cost alone.
- (D) Both are false: the chapter calls high-tech the LATEST generation of manufacturing, and states professional (white-collar) workers greatly outnumber production (blue-collar) workers, the reverse of statement (ii).
Arrange in the Correct Order
- (B) The chapter gives this exact chain as its example of a basic industry: Iron/steel become machines for the textile industry, which in turn make clothes for consumers.
- (C) The chapter calls household or cottage industry the smallest manufacturing unit; small-scale manufacturing moves production out of the home into a workshop, with simple power-driven machines and semi-skilled labour; large-scale manufacturing needs a large market, enormous energy, advanced technology and assembly-line mass production.
Fill in the Blanks
- (A) The chapter states these major concentrations cover less than 10 per cent of the world’s land area.
- (D) The chapter states small-scale manufacturing uses a workshop outside the home/cottage of the producer, distinguishing it from household industries.
Odd One Out
- (C) The chapter’s seven locational factors are market, raw material, labour supply, energy, transport/communication, government policy and agglomeration economies: ‘access to entertainment facilities’ is not one of them.
Passage-Based Questions
- (B) The passage states these regions ‘offer large global markets because purchasing power there is very high.’
- (C) The passage states highly trained professional workers make up a large share of the workforce and greatly outnumber ordinary production workers.
True / False
- (B) Both are false: the chapter states foot-loose industries produce in small quantity, employ a small labour force, and are generally NOT polluting industries.
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