A quick revision summary of Class 11 Physical Education Unit 1: Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education. Read the full notes for the figures and explanations.
1 Meaning, Definitions and Aim
Locomotor: walking, running, hopping, leaping, skipping, galloping. Non-locomotor: stretching, twisting, turning, pushing, pulling, swinging.
National Plan of PE and Recreation: make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit, with personal and social qualities to live happily with others and be a good citizen.
2 The Sixteen Objectives
| 1. Value of PE | 2. Interest in the discipline | 3. Optimum fitness and health | 4. Awareness of movement |
| 5. Development of organ systems | 6. Neuro-muscular co-ordination | 7. Emotional development | 8. Social development |
| 9. Motor skills | 10. Enjoyment and satisfaction | 11. Evaluative skills | 12. Interpretive development |
| 13. Character building | 14. Remedial values | 15. Optimum sports performance | 16. Effective citizenship |
Neuro-muscular co-ordination = better relation between nervous and muscular systems → control and balance. Remedial values = safety habits and corrective exercises.
3 Development after Independence
1920: YMCA College of PE, Chennai, by Harry Crowe Buck: first PE college in Asia.
4 Changing Trends in Sports
| Outdoor | Indoor |
|---|---|
| Track: clay and cinder (natural: ash, carbon, rock); synthetic (rubber + latex/polyurethane) Turf: grass and clay (soft, high care); polygrass (football, low maintenance); astroturf (hockey, ball faster) MUGA: synthetic rubber, shock absorbent, safe |
Courts: wooden, synthetic; badminton mats on wooden floor; all-year play MUGA: rubberised, durable, safe |
Factors: nature of sport, geography, climate, infrastructure.
Wearable gear and equipment: safety (helmets, gloves, guards) · performance (swimsuits, aerodynamic footwear) · monitoring and judgement (GPS, physiological devices) · aesthetics (trendy wear, confidence).
Technology: officiating (LED stumps; infra-red Hot Spot; video, VAR; laser on take-off boards, 3-D laser in gymnastics) · protective equipment · timing (GATES, laser, touch sensors, 1/1000 s) · location tracking (GPS; crowds) · movement analysis (sensors, force platforms for ground reaction forces).
5 Courses and Careers
NCTE recognises only three teacher courses: D.P.Ed. (Classes I-VIII), B.P.Ed. (theory VI-X, activities XI-XII), M.P.Ed. (XI-XII; colleges, universities). Research: M.Phil., Ph.D., P.D.F. Other courses (UGC or institutions): 8 PG Diplomas, 6 bachelor courses, 13 master courses (e.g. MBA Sports Management, M.Tech. Sports Technology).
17 careers: PE Teacher · Health Education Teacher · Adapted PE Teacher · Professional Coach · Fitness Trainer · Yoga Trainer · Outdoor and Adventure Sports Educator · Sports Coordinator · Sports Administrator · Event Manager of a Sports Club · Health and Fitness Club Manager · Provider of Recreational Services · Dietician and Nutritionist · Physical Therapist · Sports Journalist · Sports Goods Marketing · Sports Clothing and Equipment Designer.
6 Khelo India and Fit India
Khelo India National Programme for Development of Sports: Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, FY 2017-2018; Cabinet approval 20 September 2017; Rs. 1,756 crore (2017-18 to 2019-20). Two objectives: mass participation and promotion of excellence. Only 5% of Indians take part in sports.
Vision: grassroots sports culture + sporting excellence. Mission: sports for all, across gender and age.
| Vertical | Key fact / agency |
|---|---|
| 1 Play Field Development | Up to 50 lakh one-time; MGNREGS; Department of Sports |
| 2 Community Coaching Development | ~2000 PETs/year as master trainers; LNIPE + SAI |
| 3 State Level Khelo India Centres | SAI-State MoU; Khel Pathshalas; SAI |
| 4 Annual Sports Competitions | KI National School and University Games; NSFs, SGFI, AIU |
| 5 Talent Identification and Development | 16 priority sports; Rs. 5 lakh a year for 8 years; SAI |
| 6 Sports Infrastructure | University Centre of Excellence; MYAS/SAI |
| 7 Support to Sports Academies | Need-based aid; SAI/States/private |
| 8 Physical Fitness of School Children | Assessment kit, school grading; LNIPE |
| 9 Sports for Women | Annual national women’s competitions |
| 10 Sports for Peace and Development | Special package for J&K; States through SAI |
| 11 Persons with Disabilities | Paralympic preparation; SAI, PCI |
| 12 Rural and Indigenous/Tribal Games | Annual competitions |
First KI Youth Games 2018: Haryana top (102 medals, 38 gold). Khelo India App: 27 February 2019.
Fit India Movement: 29 August 2019, Prime Minister; fitness integral to life. Objectives: fitness easy, fun and free · awareness campaigns · indigenous sports · reach every school, college, panchayat, village · platform to share fitness stories.