इस अध्याय के 24 बहुविकल्पीय (MCQ / वस्तुनिष्ठ) प्रश्न, हर परीक्षा-शैली में। हर प्रश्न के उत्तर के साथ व्याख्या भी दी गई है, ताकि सिर्फ़ सही विकल्प नहीं, उसकी वजह भी याद रहे।
1 सीधे प्रश्न
सीधे प्रश्न
- 1 अंकWhich of these comes closest to direct democracy?
(क) Election of a class monitor(ख) Choice of a candidate by a political party(ग) Decisions taken by a Gram Sabha(घ) Opinion polls conducted by the media - 1 अंकWhich of the following is not a task performed by the Election Commission?
(क) Preparing the Electoral Rolls(ख) Implementing the model code of conduct(ग) Supervising Panchayat elections(घ) Setting up polling booths - 1 अंकUnder the First Past the Post (FPTP) system, who is declared the winner?
(क) Whoever secures more than 50 percent of the votes(ख) Whoever has more votes than any other candidate in that constituency(ग) The most popular leader of a party(घ) A member of the party with the highest national vote share - 1 अंकWhat percentage of the total votes did the Congress party get in the 1984 Lok Sabha election?
(क) 80 percent(ख) 65 percent(ग) 48 percent(घ) 7.4 percent - 1 अंकIn the Proportional Representation (PR) system, whom does the voter vote for?
(क) An individual candidate(ख) A political party(ग) The Election Commission(घ) The Delimitation Commission - 1 अंकWhere is Proportional Representation used in India, on a limited scale?
(क) Lok Sabha elections(ख) President and Rajya Sabha elections(ग) Panchayat elections(घ) Local body elections - 1 अंकIf 200 MLAs are to elect 4 Rajya Sabha members, what is the quota needed to win?
(क) 40 votes(ख) 41 votes(ग) 50 votes(घ) 100 votes - 1 अंकWhat did a separate electorate mean?
(क) Any voter could vote for any candidate(ख) Only voters of a particular community could elect that community’s representative(ग) All seats were reserved(घ) There were no elections, only nominations - 1 अंकHow many of the 543 Lok Sabha seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC)?
(क) 47(ख) 65(ग) 84(घ) 93 - 1 अंकUp to which year has the SC-ST reservation now been extended?
(क) 2020(ख) 2025(ग) 2030(घ) 2035 - 1 अंकWhich Act provides for women’s reservation in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies?
(क) Right to Equality Act, 2019(ख) Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023(ग) Panchayati Raj Act, 1992(घ) Representation of the People Act, 1951 - 1 अंकThe 1989 amendment reduced the minimum voting age to what?
(क) 21 to 18(ख) 18 to 16(ग) 25 to 21(घ) 21 raised to 25 - 1 अंकWhich Article of the Constitution establishes the Election Commission?
(क) Article 300(ख) Article 312(ग) Article 324(घ) Article 356 - 1 अंकWhat is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)?
(क) 4 years or 60 years of age, whichever is earlier(ख) 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier(ग) A fixed 5 years(घ) Life tenure - 1 अंकWhy was the election process interrupted in 1991?
(क) An earthquake(ख) The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi(ग) Floods(घ) A pandemic
2 अभिकथन-कारण
अभिकथन-कारण
- 1 अंकAssertion (A): The Election Commission conducts Panchayat and municipal elections as well.
Reason (R): Article 324 gives the Election Commission responsibility over all types of elections.
(क) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A(ख) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A(ग) A is true, but R is false(घ) A is false, but R is true - 1 अंकAssertion (A): Under PR, a voter always knows exactly who their own representative is.
Reason (R): Under PR, several representatives from different parties can be elected from the same constituency.
(क) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A(ख) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A(ग) A is true, but R is false(घ) A is false, but R is true
3 सुमेलन कीजिए
सुमेलन कीजिए
- 1 अंकMatch List I with List II.
List I: (i) FPTP (ii) PR (iii) STV (iv) Delimitation Commission
List II: (a) Used for Rajya Sabha elections (b) Decides constituency boundaries (c) Voter votes for a candidate (d) Voter votes for a party
(क) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b(ख) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a(ग) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a(घ) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d - 1 अंकMatch List I with List II.
List I: (i) Voting age reduced from 21 to 18 (ii) EC permanently multi-member (iii) Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination (iv) Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam
List II: (a) 1989 (b) 1991 (c) 1993 (d) 2023
(क) i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d(ख) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d(ग) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d(घ) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d
4 कथन आधारित प्रश्न
कथन आधारित प्रश्न
- 1 अंकStatement I: Under FPTP, the winning candidate always gets more than 50 percent of the votes.
Statement II: Under FPTP, votes cast for losing candidates do not go to anyone.
(क) Both statements are true and Statement II explains Statement I(ख) Both are true but Statement II does not explain Statement I(ग) Statement I is false, Statement II is true(घ) Both statements are false
5 काल-क्रम प्रश्न
काल-क्रम प्रश्न
- 1 अंकArrange the steps of counting votes in a Rajya Sabha election in the correct order.
1. The candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated
2. That candidate’s votes are transferred to the second preference
3. First preference votes are counted
4. The required number of candidates are declared elected
(क) 3-1-2-4(ख) 1-2-3-4(ग) 3-2-1-4(घ) 1-3-2-4
6 रिक्त स्थान
रिक्त स्थान
- 1 अंकThe system under which only voters of a particular community could elect that community’s representative was called a ______.
(क) reserved constituency(ख) separate electorate(ग) proportional representation(घ) single transferable vote - 1 अंकThe constitutional basis for the Election Commission is Article ______.
(क) 300(ख) 312(ग) 324(घ) 356
7 गद्यांश आधारित प्रश्न
गद्यांश आधारित प्रश्न
गद्यांश
In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections, the Congress party won 415 out of 543 seats, forming the government with more than 80 percent of all seats. No party had ever achieved such a victory in the Lok Sabha before. But the table shows that Congress got only 48 percent of the total votes. The BJP got 7.4 percent of the votes but less than one percent of the seats. This happened because our country follows a particular method of elections, in which the entire country is divided into 543 constituencies, each constituency elects one representative, and the candidate securing the highest number of votes in that constituency is declared elected.
- 1 अंकAccording to the passage, what caused Congress to win such a large share of seats in 1984?
(क) Universal adult franchise(ख) Winning the most votes in each constituency under FPTP(ग) Proportional representation(घ) A decision of the Delimitation Commission
उत्तर कुंजी एवं व्याख्या
सीधे प्रश्न1. (ग): A Gram Sabha is the closest real example of direct democracy, because citizens themselves take part directly in the decision, without going through any representative. · 2. (ग): Panchayat and municipal elections are supervised by the State Election Commissioners, not the Election Commission of India. · 3. (ख): Under FPTP, the winner is simply the candidate who has more votes than every other candidate in that constituency, a majority is not required. · 4. (ग): Congress got 48 percent of the votes, yet still won 415 of 543 seats, more than 80 percent. · 5. (ख): In PR, the voter votes for a party, and every party gets seats in proportion to its share of the vote. · 6. (ख): India uses PR in a limited way for the President, Vice President, Rajya Sabha and Vidhan Parishad elections. · 7. (ख): Quota = (Total votes / (seats + 1)) + 1 = (200/5) + 1 = 41 votes. · 8. (ख): Under a separate electorate, only voters belonging to a particular community could elect that community’s representative. · 9. (ग): 84 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (as on 26 January 2019). · 10. (ग): Originally created for 10 years, this reservation has now been extended up to 2030 through successive constitutional amendments. · 11. (ख): The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (Women’s Reservation Act), 2023, provides for women’s reservation in the Lok Sabha and Assemblies. · 12. (क): The 1989 constitutional amendment reduced the minimum voting age from 21 years to 18 years. · 13. (ग): Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections in the Election Commission. · 14. (ख): The CEC and Election Commissioners hold office for six years or until 65 years of age, whichever is earlier. · 15. (ख): Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated during campaigning in 1991, forcing the election process to be postponed mid-way.
अभिकथन-कारण1. (घ): A is false, Panchayat and municipal elections are conducted by the State Election Commissioners, not the Election Commission. R is true, Article 324 covers Parliament, State legislatures, and the President and Vice President’s elections. · 2. (घ): A is false, when several representatives from different parties come from one constituency, it becomes unclear which one to approach for local work. R is true, and it is the reason A is false.
सुमेलन कीजिए1. (क): In FPTP the voter votes for a candidate, in PR for a party, STV is used in Rajya Sabha elections, and the Delimitation Commission decides constituency boundaries. · 2. (क): Voting age changed in 1989, EC became permanently multi-member in 1993, Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination was in 1991, and the Act came in 2023.
कथन आधारित प्रश्न1. (ग): Statement I is false, an FPTP winner need not have a majority, only the most votes. Statement II is true, votes for losing candidates are effectively wasted.
काल-क्रम प्रश्न1. (क): First preference votes are counted first, then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, their votes transferred, and finally the required candidates are declared elected.
रिक्त स्थान1. (ख): This was called a separate electorate, and the Constituent Assembly rejected it in favour of reserved constituencies. · 2. (ग): Article 324 gives the Election Commission responsibility for the superintendence, direction and control of elections.
गद्यांश आधारित प्रश्न1. (ख): The passage explains that under FPTP, whoever wins the most votes in each constituency wins the seat, which is what let Congress win far more seats than its vote share.
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