25 multiple-choice (MCQ / objective) questions from this chapter, in every exam-style shape used in the paper. Every question comes with an explanation along with the answer, so you remember why the option is correct, not just which one it is.
1 Direct Questions
Direct Questions
- 1 markSelf, in fact, lies at the core of:
(A) Personality(B) Culture(C) Assessment(D) Cognition - 1 markWhen a person says “I know who I am”, the self is being described as a:
(A) Object only(B) Type(C) Trait(D) Knower as well as something known - 1 markThe concept of self-efficacy is based on whose theory?
(A) Freud’s psychoanalytic theory(B) Eysenck’s trait theory(C) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(D) Bandura’s social learning theory - 1 markWhich culture is characterised by a shifting boundary between self and other?
(A) Western culture(B) Indian culture(C) Neither(D) Both equally - 1 markCharak Samhita classifies people into vata, pitta and kapha based on:
(A) Trigunas(B) Tridosha(C) Body build(D) Factor analysis - 1 markGandhi’s non-violence is Allport’s example of a:
(A) Secondary trait(B) Central trait(C) Cardinal trait(D) Surface trait - 1 markThe id operates on the:
(A) Reality principle(B) Morality principle(C) Pleasure principle(D) Achievement principle - 1 markThe Oedipus complex occurs during which psychosexual stage?
(A) Phallic stage(B) Anal stage(C) Oral stage(D) Latency stage - 1 markWhich of the following is one of the book’s own criticisms of psychodynamic theories?
(A) They are based on large, representative samples(B) They are largely based on case studies and lack a rigorous scientific basis(C) Their concepts are too easy to test scientifically(D) Freud gave equal weight to male and female experience - 1 markIn the Five-Factor Model (Box 2.2), people who score high on which factor are achievement-oriented, dependable, responsible, prudent, hardworking and self-controlled?
(A) Openness to experience(B) Agreeableness(C) Neuroticism(D) Conscientiousness
2 Assertion-Reason
Assertion-Reason
- 1 markAssertion (A): The id cares about moral values and society.
Reason (R): The id works on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.
(A) A is true, R is true; R correctly explains A(B) A is true, R is true; R does not correctly explain A(C) A is true, R is false(D) A is false, R is true - 1 markAssertion (A): Self-report measures are completely free from bias.
Reason (R): Social desirability and acquiescence can affect how a subject responds to self-report items.
(A) A is true, R is true; R correctly explains A(B) A is true, R is true; R does not correctly explain A(C) A is true, R is false(D) A is false, R is true
3 Match the Following
Match the Following
- 1 markMatch the theorist (Column A) with their contribution (Column B).
Column A: 1. Freud 2. Rogers 3. Maslow 4. Cattell
Column B: (i) 16PF (ii) Self-actualisation (iii) Id, ego, superego (iv) Real self and ideal self
(A) 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv(B) 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-ii, 4-i(C) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii(D) 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii - 1 markMatch the personality test (Column A) with its developer (Column B).
Column A: 1. MMPI 2. TAT 3. Rorschach Inkblot 4. JMPI
Column B: (i) Hermann Rorschach (ii) Mallick and Joshi (iii) Hathaway and McKinley (iv) Morgan and Murray
(A) 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv(B) 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i(C) 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii(D) 1-iv, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iii
4 Statement-Based Questions
Statement-Based Questions
- 1 markStatement I: Self-esteem is a value judgment a person makes about her/his own worth.
Statement II: Children with low self-esteem in all areas often display anxiety and antisocial behaviour.
(A) Both statements are true(B) Statement I is true, Statement II is false(C) Statement I is false, Statement II is true(D) Both statements are false - 1 markStatement I: The ego works on the reality principle.
Statement II: The superego is the source of a person’s instinctual energy.
(A) Both statements are true(B) Statement I is true, Statement II is false(C) Statement I is false, Statement II is true(D) Both statements are false - 1 markStatement I: The Birhor are an agricultural community of Jharkhand.
Statement II: Hunting-gathering societies tend to socialise children to be independent and achievement-oriented.
(A) Both statements are true(B) Statement I is true, Statement II is false(C) Statement I is false, Statement II is true(D) Both statements are false
5 Arrange in the Correct Order
Arrange in the Correct Order
- 1 markArrange Freud’s psychosexual stages in the correct sequence: (1) Latency (2) Phallic (3) Oral (4) Genital (5) Anal
(A) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4(B) 3, 5, 2, 1, 4(C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1(D) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 - 1 markArrange Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from the lowest (most basic) to the highest level: (1) Esteem needs (2) Biological needs (3) Self-actualisation (4) Belongingness needs (5) Security needs
(A) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3(B) 2, 5, 1, 4, 3(C) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3(D) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
6 Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the Blanks
- 1 mark___ refers to our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations, and is relatively stable across time.
(A) Self-concept(B) Personality(C) Self-esteem(D) Motivation - 1 markThe Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) was developed by ___.
(A) Eysenck(B) Cattell(C) Allport(D) Freud
7 Odd One Out
Odd One Out
- 1 markWhich one is the odd one out?
(A) Self-actualisation(B) Repression(C) Projection(D) Rationalisation
8 Passage-Based Questions
Passage-Based Questions
Passage
Anita always makes decisions for her son and rarely lets him do things on his own, even simple tasks he could easily manage. Her son has begun to seem withdrawn and unsure of himself around new people.
- 1 markBased on the passage, which aspect of the son’s development is most likely being affected?
(A) His knowledge of Pavlov’s classical conditioning(B) His self-esteem(C) His superego(D) His collective unconscious
Passage
A student who scored poorly in a Mathematics test tells his friends, “I didn’t really try my best because the paper was unfair and my teacher doesn’t like me,” even though he had studied very little.
- 1 markThe student’s statement in the passage is an example of which ego defence mechanism?
(A) Denial(B) Reaction formation(C) Rationalisation(D) Repression
9 True / False
True / False
- 1 markWhich combination is correct?
(i) Personal identity refers to attributes linking a person to a social group.
(ii) Social identity refers to attributes that make a person different from others.
(iii) Both personal and social identity are part of self.
(A) Only (iii) is true(B) (i) and (ii) are true, (iii) is false(C) (i) and (iii) are true(D) All three are true
Answer Key and Explanations
Direct Questions
- (A) The chapter opens by stating self is the core of personality.
- (D) Self has a dual status: it is a subject (knower) as well as an object (known).
- (D) Self-efficacy comes from Bandura’s social learning theory.
- (B) The Indian view has a shifting self-other boundary; the Western view has a fixed one.
- (B) Tridosha (vata-pitta-kapha) determines a person’s prakriti in Ayurveda.
- (C) A cardinal trait is one around which a person’s entire life revolves.
- (C) Id seeks immediate gratification and works on the pleasure principle.
- (A) The Phallic stage (ages 4-5) is when the Oedipus complex occurs in boys and the Electra complex, its counterpart, in girls.
- (B) The book’s first criticism is that psychodynamic theories are largely based on case studies and lack a rigorous scientific basis.
- (D) Box 2.2 describes Conscientiousness this way; people low on it are impulsive.
Assertion-Reason
- (D) A is false: the book explicitly says the id does NOT care for moral values, society or other individuals. R is true, the id does work on the pleasure principle.
- (D) A is false: the book names social desirability and acquiescence as real problems with self-report measures, so they are not free from bias. R is true.
Match the Following
- (B) Freud → id/ego/superego; Rogers → real/ideal self; Maslow → self-actualisation; Cattell → 16PF.
- (C) MMPI → Hathaway and McKinley; TAT → Morgan and Murray; Rorschach → Hermann Rorschach; JMPI → Mallick and Joshi.
Statement-Based Questions
- (A) Both statements match the book directly: self-esteem is a value judgment of worth, and low self-esteem across all areas is linked to anxiety and antisocial behaviour.
- (B) Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect, it is the ID, not the superego, that is the source of instinctual energy.
- (C) Statement I is incorrect, the Birhor are a nomadic hunting-gathering community, not agricultural. Statement II is correct as per the book.
Arrange in the Correct Order
- (B) The correct order is Oral(3) → Anal(5) → Phallic(2) → Latency(1) → Genital(4), i.e. 3, 5, 2, 1, 4.
- (C) From lowest to highest: Biological(2) → Security(5) → Belongingness(4) → Esteem(1) → Self-actualisation(3), i.e. 2, 5, 4, 1, 3.
Fill in the Blanks
- (B) This is the book’s own definition of personality.
- (B) 16PF is Raymond Cattell’s test, based on his 16 source traits.
Odd One Out
- (A) Repression, Projection and Rationalisation are all Freudian defence mechanisms; Self-actualisation is a humanistic (Maslow/Rogers) concept, not a defence mechanism.
Passage-Based Questions
- (B) The passage matches the book’s own point: parents who make decisions for a child even when not needed produce low self-esteem.
- (C) The student is making an unreasonable excuse (not trying, unfair paper) seem acceptable, this is rationalisation.
True / False
- (A) (i) and (ii) are swapped/incorrect definitions, personal identity makes one DIFFERENT, social identity LINKS to a group. Only (iii) is correctly true.
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